• For GUI: Oracle SQL Developer
• For CLI: SQL*Plus (Command Line)

• In SQL Developer, create a new connection with your Username, Password, and Service Name
• In SQL*Plus: Use the command sqlplus username/password@xe (replace with your credentials)

• DECLARE – for declaring cursor and variables
• BEGIN – to open and fetch cursor
• LOOP – to process each record
• CLOSE – to close the cursor
• END; – end of PL/SQL block
• For SQL*Plus: Add a / (slash) on a new line after END; to execute the block

• In SQL Developer: Click the green "Run Statement" button or press F5
• In SQL*Plus: Press Enter until you reach the slash (/) that runs the program

• If using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE, ensure server output is enabled:
  • In SQL Developer: Run SET SERVEROUTPUT ON; before your code
  • In SQL*Plus: Also use SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

• SQL Developer: Create a new database connection with your Username, Password, and Service Name
• SQL*Plus: Use sqlplus username/password@xe

• CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER – to define the trigger
• BEFORE or AFTER – depending on when you want it to fire
• INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE – the triggering event
• FOR EACH ROW – this makes it a row-level trigger
• BEGIN ... END; block – to specify the trigger's action

• SQL Developer: Use the green "Run Script" button or press F5
• SQL*Plus: Ensure the code ends with a / on a new line, then press Enter

• Perform the operation (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) that should fire the trigger
• Check the results (e.g., inserted logs, changed values, output via DBMS_OUTPUT, etc.)

• SQL Developer: Run SET SERVEROUTPUT ON; before the trigger test
• SQL*Plus: Also run SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trg_name
                    BEFORE INSERT ON table_name
                    FOR EACH ROW
                    BEGIN
                      -- your logic here
                    END;

• Oracle: SQL Developer or SQL*Plus
• MySQL: MySQL Workbench or Command Line

• Ensure the code ends with a / on a new line (after END;) if using SQL*Plus
• Click "Run Script" or press F5 in SQL Developer

• Use DELIMITER to wrap trigger logic. Example:

  DELIMITER $$
                      CREATE TRIGGER trg_name
                      BEFORE INSERT ON table_name
                      FOR EACH ROW
                      BEGIN
                        -- your logic here
                      END;
                      $$
                      DELIMITER ;

• Look at affected tables or logs
• Use DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (in Oracle) to print messages if needed (don’t forget SET SERVEROUTPUT ON)

CREATE VIEW view_name AS
                SELECT column1, column2
                FROM table_name
                WHERE condition;

• Click the “Run” or “Execute” button in GUI tools
• Or press Enter in command-line tools (make sure it ends with a semicolon)

SELECT * FROM view_name;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS ...;

DROP VIEW view_name;

• Use command: mongod (runs the MongoDB daemon)
• Make sure it runs in a terminal or background process

• Use command: mongo
• This connects you to the MongoDB server

use myDatabase;

db.students.insertOne({ name: "John", age: 22, course: "DBMS" });

db.students.find();

• Find with filter: db.students.find({ age: 22 });
• Find specific fields: db.students.find({}, { name: 1, _id: 0 });

• Update: db.students.updateOne({ name: "John" }, { $set: { age: 23 } });
• Delete: db.students.deleteOne({ name: "John" });

• Save your MongoDB script to a file (e.g., program.js)
• Run it using: mongo program.js

• Connect to MongoDB
• Create database and collections using visual tools
• Insert and query documents through GUI interface